TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION

According to Dhama&Bhatnagar , The art of directing the activities of human beings ,i.e. selecting right person for each job; arousing in each person an interest in his work and the teaching him how to do it.

Supervision means overseeing the subordinates at work to ensure that they are working awarding to plans and policies of the organization.  It involves direct face - to - face contact between the superior and his subordinates.  The aim of supervision is to ensure that subordinates work efficiently and effectively to accomplish the organization objectives.  It involves inter personal relationships in day - to - day work.

According to Collins, supervision is a process by which workers are helped do their jobs with  increasing satisfaction to themselves  to the people with whom they work, and to the agency. Extension supervision is concerned with the improvement or growth of extension personnel as individuals and as educational leaders.It is one of the important tasks of management.

According to Millet it has two purposes –one is to achieve coordination among various and the second one is to ensure that each unit accomplishes its tasks. It has two terms “Super” and “Vision” which means, “overseeing”. In purely structural terms it may mean monitoring and controlling the subordinates but in modern management it mean  a mix of activities such as teaching, guiding, cooperating, exploring and inspecting. The crude form of penalizing authority of the past is now replaced by participative and spiritual collaborator of subordinates.

Taylor and Fayol have put emphasis on the role of supervisor.The most important quality of supervisor is his competency in interpersonal relations”

TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION

As per J.D. Millet following 6 techniques are to be followed.

1.Prior Approval of Individual Projects

2. Promulgation of Service standards

3. Budgetary limitation

4.Approval of subordinate Personnel

5. Reporting system on work progress

6.Inspection result

Another classification ,

Techniques and method of supervision vary with the size and complexity of organization

Small organization -manager himself supervise

Large organization-need deputies to supervise.

In delegating supervisor functions, the managers so decides the control methods that the weak spots are brought immediately to his notice for prompt action.

Any system or method of supervision, to serve the purpose fully must be economical, simple and easy to follow up. It is no use having a plethora o control measures, unwanted inspections, statistics, statements, returns and reports. These are not only time consuming but add cost.

As the organization grows the managers’ range of authority widens. He has to have a good birds’ eye view of the activities to measure the progress at a glance, so that he can concentrate on the key check point which again indicate whether the work is going on according to plan. This way the executive will have sufficient time at his disposal to devote to higher thinking, planning and development.

Systematic follow –up is inherent in good supervision .a few important matters need frequent personal  attention He makes note of them in diary and checks the position day by day. The other aspects of supervision include study of departmental reports, reports of special committee and particular attention to customers’ complaints and suggestions.